pushback, to push back

we´ve seen pushback from both sides 

Senators have pushed back  against Biden´s comments

He has pushed back on several claims

The prime minister of Greenland pushed back  Trump´s assertions 

that timing was pushed back to  may

he will continue until he receives powerful pushback

he told Democrats to push back against Trump's 'lawlessness and recklessness'

pushback: respuesta negativa, rechazo a aceptar algo

to push back: Rechazar o resistir algo. Se usa cuando alguien se opone activamente a una idea, regla o acción. ||  Responder con firmeza a una crítica o presión. Implica defenderse o contraargumentar.  || hacer retroceder físicamente. En contextos militares o deportivos, puede significar forzar a alguien a retroceder. || retrasar algo, postponer o posponer. Posponer o retrasar algo. Muy común en contextos laborales o de planificación.

over the counter, counter

 that led to synthetic cannabinoids being sold over the counter

 I had to go to a specific counter by the corner and ask for a “shore pass.” 

over the counter: de venta libre, de venta sin receta || en ventanilla

counter: ventanilla, mostrador. In a place such as a shop or café, a counter es una tabla larga y estrecha en la que se sirve a los clientes.  ||  Something that is a counter to something else tiene el efecto contraio y lo hace menos efectivo.

weariness

 But there is weariness among lawmakers 

weariness:  cansancio, agotamiento, fatiga

constituent

some constituents are benefitting from medical or adult-use programs

This decade, around 5 billion solar panels, and 350 billion of their constituent solar cells, will be manufactured 

to be exempted from tariffs so as not to increase prices for his farm constituents,

He was aided in his mission by a crucial constituency 

constituency: electores, votantes, electorado

constituent (noun): elector, votante. Un elector o ciudadano que vive en un distrito y está representado por un funcionario elegido. || Un componente o parte esencial de algo más grande.

constituent (adj.):  Que está relacionado con los electores de un distrito. || Que forma parte de un todo.

patchwork

patchwork: mosaico, conjunto heterogéneo ||  labor de retales

longstanding

We need to adress the longstanding harms

it´s a violation of longstanding international agreements.

longstanding: de larga duración, duradero

to overturn

 The Congress would be also able to overturn the rule under the Congressional Review Act

She was injured when the bus overturned and struck two fences

He Has Few Ways to Overturn His Conviction as a Felon 

He refused to call a special legislative session to try and overturn Georgia's 2020 election results 

the former president's attempts to overturn the 2020 election results in Georgia

Partially annul the contested decision in so far as it overturned the decision of the Opposition Division and rejected the application for registration;  (curia.europa.eu)

The court ruled on Tuesday that a lower court win for REPSOL should be overturned

to overturn: volcar, dar una vuelta de campana. If something overturns or if you overturn it, se pone boca abajo o de lado. || derrocar. To overturn a government or system significa quitarl o destruirlo. || anular, revertir. If someone in authority overturns a legal decision, deciden oficialmente que es incorrecta o no válida.

dais

 The dais in the House chamber

dais : plataforma elevada en una sala, estrado, tarima

to enact

The Controlled Substances Act was enacted more than 50 years ago

The deficit is expected to widen under proposals by both Bush and Obama, if enacted.  

if he enacts many of the policies he proposed on the campaign trail,

to enact: promulgar.   || to enact a story or play es representarla  || Si un evento o situación is enacted, ocurre.

to buoy, buoy

Stocks leapt on friday, buoyed by the ceasefire

The surge of AI buoyed markets

AI has buoyed tech stocks

The NASDAQ buoyed by AI ended the day up 3%. 

buoy: boya

to buoy: animar, alentar

lifebuoy: salvavidas

to leap, leap

 Cannabis stocks leapt on Tuesday afternoon

to leap (verbo): saltar, saltar por encima de, cruzar de un salto, brincar

leap (sustantivo): salto, brinco, || incremento, aumento

leap year: año bisiesto

fluke

Is it a fluke that inflation surged in May? 

The discovery of peniciline was something of a fluke

fluke: casualidad (positiva), chiripa, golpe de suerte

spillover, to spill over, to spill, spill, to take a spill

 There are features that have growing negative spillovers on the U.S. 

Vladimir Israel's invasion of Gaza has already spilled over into the alliance 

The Gaza war threatens to spill into a regional conflict 

Here you can see water spilled onto the streets.

spillover: derrame || excedente || efecto colateral

to spill over: tener efectos colaterales

to spill: derramar, derramarse. Hacer fluir, mover, caer o extenderse por el borde o fuera de los límites de algo.  If a liquid spills or if you spill it, se derrama accidentalmente por el borde de un recipiente. || If people or things spill out of a place, salen de él en grandes cantidades.

spill (noun): 

1. Derrame o cantidad derramada (el significado más común). Se refiere a un líquido que se ha salido de un recipiente, o al acto mismo del derrame. Ejemplos típicos: a coffee spill, an oil spill.

2. Mecha, pajuela o palito para encender fuego

Este es el significado que te interesa por el contexto de firelighters. Un spill es una tira de papel retorcido o un palito fino de madera usado para encender fuegos, lámparas de aceite o velas.

Este uso es tradicional en Reino Unido y aparece en productos como paper spills o wood spills, que son simplemente encendedores en forma de varilla.

3. Caída (especialmente de bicicleta o caballo). Un uso informal: 

to take a spill = sufrir una caída.

to derail

their hopes will be derailed by him.

A last-minute disagreement could derail the deal 

to derail: frustrar, impedir, hacer descarrilar, entorpecer, desestabilizar, arruinar, desbaratar, malograr || descarrilar

to curb, curb

U.S. export curbs 

We need to curb inflation.

The U.S. is trying to curb Beijing’s technology efforts

This bill will curb the role of money in politics

The U.S. has curbed Russia’s access to critical technology

Russia has imposed curbs on other goods

Its firm grip on strategic minerals has compelled the Chinese administration to roll back some export curbs on Australia

to curb: mantener algo bajo control, dentro de unos límites. Controlar o limitar algo no deseado. Dominar. Contener. Disminuir. Restringir. Poner freno, frenar. 

curb: bordillo || freno, restricción

to breach, breach

it is one of the largest French government breaches of classified materials after the war

it has been a shameless breach of international rules.

it will be regarded as a unilateral breach of the ceasefire

His business model is in breach of European law

the S&P 500 breached 6,000 for the first time

The applicant relies on three pleas in law, alleging, first, infringement of Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation 2017/1001, second, infringement of Article 7(1)(b) of that regulation and, third, breach of the principles of equal treatment and sound administration.  (Curia Europa)

to breach: romper, abrir una brecha || violar, infringir, incumplir

breach (noun): brecha, grieta, fisura || violación, infracción, incumplimiento  || ruptura, desavenencia

fill the breach or step into the breach: llenar el vacío

to be in breach of: infringir, violar

four-pronged, two-pronged...multipronged

it requires a four-pronged approach

the recession was actually two-pronged. 

preventing harms in older adults requires a multipronged approach

Russia´s two-pronged dependency on China

Definición: cuádruple, doble, dual || de dos/tres/cuatro... puntas

multipronged approach: enfoque múltiple

to leverage, leverage, lever, highly-leveraged, overleveraged, to over-lever

 How to leverage infojobs for your job search

How Much Leverage Does China Really Have Over Russia?

leveraging existing semiconductor will help to make advances quicker.

This dominance grants the China significant leverage over South África

The European Union has not yet used all possible leverage on Israel

tariffs can create real leverage with small nations dependant on the US 

And leverage is everything when you’re negotiating (Stephen Moore)

he has sought to leverage this to its advantage. 

investors sold their highly-leveraged (altamente apalancadas) positions

leverage: influencia, presión, elemento de presión, baza de negociación, poder de negociación. La capacidad de influenciar a alguien o algo que se traduce en un cierto control de la situación  ||  la fuerza que se aplica a un objeto mediante una palanca (lever).  || apalancamiento. (economía)

to leverage: influir, forzar  || apalancar || hacer palanca || valerse de, aprovechar

lever: palanca

highly-leveraged: altamente apalancado. Una posición altamente apalancada en finanzas significa que se ha invertido utilizando una gran cantidad de dinero prestado en relación con el capital propio. Apalancamiento es el uso de deuda (dinero prestado) para aumentar el tamaño de una inversión. El objetivo es multiplicar las ganancias potenciales, pero también aumenta el riesgo de pérdidas. Una posición altamente apalancada implica que el inversor ha puesto poco dinero propio y ha pedido mucho prestado.

overleveraged : sobreapalancado

to over-lever: “To over‑lever” significa endeudarse en exceso, es decir, tomar más deuda de la que es prudente o sostenible para una empresa, un banco, un fondo o incluso una persona.

Es un término muy usado en finanzas, sobre todo cuando alguien asume demasiado apalancamiento (leverage).

To over‑lever = usar demasiada deuda para financiar operaciones, inversiones o crecimiento.

Cuando alguien está over‑levered, significa que: su deuda es demasiado alta, su capacidad de pago es limitada, un cambio pequeño en ingresos o tipos de interés puede causar problemas, aumenta el riesgo de insolvencia o default.

Ejemplos en contexto

1. Empresas

The company over‑levered during the expansion and now struggles to service its debt.  → La empresa se endeudó demasiado y ahora tiene dificultades para pagar.

2. Bancos / fondos

Hedge funds that over‑lever can collapse quickly when markets turn.  → Los fondos demasiado apalancados pueden colapsar cuando el mercado cambia.

3. Países. Aunque no se usa tanto para países, puede aplicarse en sentido figurado:

The government risks over‑levering its balance sheet.  → El gobierno corre el riesgo de endeudarse en exceso.

to break out, breakout, break off

 its much-desired chip breakout 

 are the two breakout successes in consumer and enterprise 

to break out: escaparse, fugarse, evadirse, liberar, desatarse || estallar, comenzar a ocurrir (The war has broken out

breakout (noun): fuga, escapada, evasión || un gran éxito, especialmente después de actuaciones relativamente mediocres o decepcionantes

breakout (adj.): que constituye o causa un gran éxito repentino. Achieving, resulting in, or characterized by sudden or unexpected success or popularity.  Of or constituting a sudden increase, advance, or unexpected success (Collins)

break off: partir, desprenderse

to enable, enabler

 

to enable: posibilitar, permitir

enabler: “Enabler” en inglés significa “facilitador”, pero en contextos personales o sociales suele tener un matiz más específico: una persona que permite, apoya o encubre conductas dañinas de otra, a veces sin quererlo.

1.- Facilitador de conductas dañinas: alguien que, por acción u omisión, permite que otra persona continúe con un comportamiento perjudicial (adicciones, abusos, irresponsabilidad).

2.- Alguien que hace posible algo: en un sentido neutral o positivo, quien ayuda a que algo ocurra o funcione.

to pour, to pour in, to pour into

a movement that has poured money into mitigating AI's risks.

then the casualties started pouring in

they are pouring massive amounts of cash into AI 

crypto money is pouring into Trump’s campaign. 

the immense amount of money being poured into artificial intelligence

they've poured their money into  a bubble. 

to pour: verter, echar  || llover a cántaros || despilfarrar || derramarse

to pour in: llegar a raudales

to pour into:  If you pour money or supplies into an activity or organization, or if it pours in, pones un montón de dinero o suministros para esa actividad o para ayudar a esa organización

intrincate

 

intrincate: intrincado

to yield, yield, unyielding

Ukraine yielded Mariupol after months of bombardment 

we will have to increase yields to attract more investors 

"Justice ... is a concept by far more subtle and indefinite than any that is yielded by mere obedience to a rule."  (Benjamin Cardozo)

to yield: rendir, producir, dar || brindar, ofrecer || ceder (el paso), entregar, ceder, conceder algo después de negarse

yield: rendimiento, producción, cosecha || rendimiento, rentabilidad, interés

unyielding: inflexible, implacable, terco, obstinado  || rígido, firme, inflexible

to etch

 

to etch: grabar

reliance

 

reliance : dependencia || confianza

milestone

 Such a technological breakthrough would be a major geopolitical milestone

milestone: hito || mojón

powerhouse

 China is one of asia´s economic powerhouses

...India has emerged as an economic powerhouse... 

powerhouse: central eléctrica || fuerza motriz, potencia, motor || gigante

to stockpile, stockpile

  import prices have been supported by pre-tariff stockpiling

to stockpile (verb): acumular, hacer acopio, almacenar, acopiar, acaparar

stockpile (noun): reservas

hyperbole

 

hyperbole : hipérbole

to diminish, diminished

 other politically diminished Western leaders.  

to diminish: disminuir, aminorar, reducir, menguar, mermar   || menospreciar, subestimar

diminished: menguado, mermado, disminuido

backdrop

 against a backdrop

It was against this backdrop 

Against the backdrop of the war in Ukraine

backdrop:  telón de fondo || contexto

Synonyms: backcloth

polarization

polarización

turmoil

we´ve seen the turmoil on college campuses these days 

In Spain, political turmoil has exacerbated concerns about the country’s debt

The President’s announcement follows months of turmoil. 

turmoil: estado de confusión, desorden, incertidumbre, agitación, alboroto. Disturbios

to spin, spin doctor

The war has spun Ukraine into chaos

The company tried to spin the layoffs as a “strategic restructuring.”   → La empresa intentó maquillar los despidos como una “reestructuración estratégica”.

He’s a master at spinning bad news into something positive.   → Es un maestro en darle la vuelta a las malas noticias.

to spin: girar, dar un giro  ||  vender una historia, manipular el relato, maquillar la situación, ponerle “spin” político o mediático. No significa “girar” literalmente aquí, sino darle un giro narrativo.

spin doctor: spin doctor: Un spin doctor es, literalmente, un experto en manipular o moldear la opinión pública, especialmente en política y comunicación estratégica. Es la persona que “gira” (spin) la información para que parezca favorable, incluso cuando la realidad no lo es.

how come?

 

¿Cómo es posible?

to plummet

Birth rates have been plummeting since March.

Their value plummets during summertime

tariffs have sent the stock market plummeting

to plummet: caer en picado, desplomarse, deteriorarse

nevertheless

 nevertheless means the same as nonetheless

nevertheless: no obstante, sin embargo, aun así

to yearn, yearning

 Progressives had a ‘yearning for rebirth’ 

yearn (sustantivo): deseo, anhelo, ansia

yearning (adjetivo): deseoso, anhelante

To yearn: desear, anhelar, ansiar

to swamp, swamp, to drain the swamp

The war is threatening to swamp Putin´s reelection bid

They in danger of being swamped by a rising tide against them as more politicians express their opinion.

Biden has promised to drain the swamp.

be careful with the thick forest and the swampy terrain

swamp: pantano, ciénaga, marisma

to swamp: Inundar con agua (literal). hundir un barco llenándolo de agua.  hundirse como en un lugar pantanoso || Abrumar con exceso de trabajo, información o demandas. || Cubrir o sobrepasar algo completamente

gross, grossly, highest-grossing

 He had the gross habit of picking his nose in front of everybody

 the 2009 Obama stimulus was grossly inadequate (Paul Krugman)

Taylor Swift tour became one of the highest-grossing tours of all time.   

highest-grossing: mas taquillera

gross: flagrante, burdo || inaceptable, muy desagradable, horrible, ordinario, basto, de muy mal gusto  || bruto

gross income: ingresos brutos

to binge, binge

 the binge of the Gilded Age of the late 19th century. 

binge (noun): borrachera, atracón, comilona, juerga ||  jolglorio 

to binge (verb): excederse, darse una comilona, darse un atracón, emborracharse

to rally, rally, rallying

But Spain rallied with a wave of reform that swept Spanish life 

stocks with small market capitalizations also rallied 

as a global unifier in rallying international support for Israel during the war.

An Energetic Trump Rallies Supporters in California 

Trump rallied his counterparts to accept nothing short of victory in Gaza

The NASDAQ has rallied in the first half of 2025 

He was to rally American leaders for a united response

he rallied support for imprisoned Russian activists.  

this  should allow us to rally the greatest number possible of countries around it

war triggers dollar rally

to rally: recuperarse, reponerse. When someone or something rallies, comienzan a recuperarse o mejorar tras haber estado débiles. Volver a la acción o a la fuerza habitual. Revivir.   || concentrar, reunir, congregar. When people rally to something or when something rallies them, se unen para apoyarlo. Organizar (a simpatizantes, etc.) para una causa común o (a dichas personas) para que se reúnan con un propósito. Convocar o reunir (a personas) para un propósito com

rally: concentración, mitin, congregación || recuperación, mejora

landowner

 

landowner: terrateniente, hacendado

rotting on the inside, to rot

The US is rotting on the inside from the fentanyl

Los Estados Unidos se están pudriendo por dentro a causa del fentanilo.

disarray, to disarray

his  financial disarray likely made it difficult for him to find lenders

Today the whole country is crippled and in disarray

investors across Wall Street have been thrown into disarray due to the unexpected rise of  DeepSeek. 

disarray: desorden, desorganización y confusión, caos

to disarray: desordenar, desorganizar

to break through, breakthrough

The reforms broke through the corruption and disarray 

to break through (verb): abrirse paso, superar, atravesar

breakthrough (noun): avance, progreso, logro, innovación, descubrimiento, paso adelante, invento

assessment, to assess

we’re all likely to share that assessment. 

the global assessment of the likelihood of confusion implies that conceptual differences between two signs may counteract visual and phonetic similarities

Assessment of the similarity between two marks means more than taking just one component of a composite trade mark and comparing it with another mark. (curia.europa.eu)

judges decided that the commission’s regulators had made mistakes in their assessment

to assess: evaluar, valorar

assessment: valoración, apreciación, evaluación

global assessment: apreciación global, evaluación global, valoración global

to slide, slide,downward slide

he has slid from a position of preeminence 

tech stocks slide after warns of ‘bubble’ in AI

has so far failed to stop the downward slide

to slide: deslizar, deslizarse, resbalar, || caer en recesión, entrar en una etapa recesiva, hundirse

slide (sustantivo): diapositiva || tobogán || resbalón || bajón, caída / descenso (en sentido figurado: economic slide)

downward slide: “Downward slide” se traduce de forma natural como:“declive”, “caída progresiva”, “tendencia a la baja”, “deterioro” (según el contexto). La expresión transmite la idea de un proceso continuo de empeoramiento, no un golpe repentino sino una bajada sostenida.

elusive

Total victory, however, is elusive

ending the war has so far been the most elusive foreign policy aim of his presidency.

broad economic returns remain elusive

elusive: difícil de encontrar, describir, llevar a cabo. Inaprensible. Esquivo. Escurridizo. Vago

to tackle, tackle

 tackling the problems before they tackle us.

we don´t know how to tackle economic difficulties

to tackle: placar (rugby) || hacerle una entrada (futbol)  || enfrentar, hacer frente, encarar, abordar. If you tackle a difficult problem or task, lo manejas o te enfrentas a ellos de una manera muy determinada o eficiente. || acometer

tackle: placaje (rugby) || entrada (fútbol)

warring

 

warring: beligerante, guerrero

to overstretch, overstretch

 Overstretched governments have withdrawn subsidies

overstretch: sobrecarga, sobreesfuerzo, sobredimensionamiento

to overstretch: sobrecargar, forzar en exceso, forzar demasiado, estirar demasiado

trigger, to trigger

trigger: desencadenante, factor desencadenante || gatillo

seldon

seldon: rara vez

deference

 

deference: deferencia

stark, starkly

 The opening chapter explains Russia’s problem starkly

The problem is seen in starkly different terms by different departments

a stark show of their growing alignment 

a stark warning 

they will soon face a stark choice

The stark (marcada) discrepancy between legal orthodoxy and legal dysfunction

The men were splashing in the sea, stark (completamente) naked.

The stark (cruda) truth

stark (adjetive): 

Stark choices or statements son duros y desagradables 

Sin ornamento. Something that is stark tiene una apariencia muy sencilla 

If two things are in stark contrast to one another, son muy diferentes entre sí, de una manera muy obvia. Total, absoluto 

Obvio y desagradable (the stark reality) 

Austero, crudo, marcado. Vacío, simple, sin decoración ni nada que sea superfluo

Duro. Extreme (He’s loving, in stark contrast to his sister) 

Escueto. desagradablemente plain (stark black walls)

stark (adverb): crudamente, de manera dura y desagradable || escuetamente, sucintamente ||  austeramente || claramente, totalmente, completamente. Completamente o extremadamente

contrarian

he was a famously eccentric contrarian thinker. 

contrarian: dicese de la persona que deliberadamente se comporta piensa de manera diferente a la gente que le rodea. Persona que deliberadamente lleva la contraria. Inconformista. (El) que va a contracorriente.

contrarian thinker: pensador a contracorriente

anodyne

 

anodyne : anodino, ininteresante

Synonyms: dull, boring, insipid

startling

that reveals a startling level of bipartisan consensus 

Its  shows a startling deterioration in the conditions for industrial firms 

the experiment offered a startling glimpse of what green policymaking can achieve.

startling: sorprendente, diferente, remarcable, extraordinario, inesperado. Tan diferente, inesperado o notable que la gente reacciona con sorpresa.

progressive

 

progressive: progresivo || progresista

to rattle, rattle

they are deeply rattled.

That has rattled the investors

But the rapid adoption of internet has rattled Europe´s workforce

Trump has rattled Europeans’ nerves 

Markets are rattled from tariffs

Fears of an artificial intelligence bubble have rattled investors

to rattle: conmocionar, poner nervioso, desconcertar, inquietar

rattle: sonajero, carraca

sweeping, to sweep, to sweep away, to sweep aside

Trump unveiled sweeping tariff hikes on a range of Chinese goods

the far right sweep to power in Sunday’s German parliamentary elections

that was part of a sweeping purge within the top ranks of Chinese government

...his government has overseen a sweeping crackdown on public agencies

the ICJ, In its sweeping judgment, has ran through a list of Israeli practices that look unlawful

Trump may receiv the most sweeping reactions from everywhere

We could see on TV the water flooding through the streets,  and sweeping away parked cars

a lightning offensive has swept through the nation in just a few weeks. (CNN)

Donald Trump issued a sweeping executive order Monday to put a hold foreign assistance 

Trump has imposed America’s  biggest trading partners with sweeping tariffs

sweeping: radical || extenso, amplio. Que abarca una área extensa (a sweeping glance). Amplio e incluyente (comprenhensive) (sweeping reforms). Sweeping changes son grandes/amplios y muy importantes o significativos.  || generalizado, indiscriminado o sin reservas (sweeping statements) || decisivo o abrumador (victoria) 

to sweep: barrer || moverse de manera constante y fuerte o rápidamente

to sweep away: llevarse algo, barrer, destrozar

to sweep aside: “To sweep aside” significa apartarse de algo o deshacerse de algo de manera rápida, decisiva o sin darle mucha importancia. Apartar / dejar de lado. Hacer a un lado. Desestimar. Eliminar de un plumazo. Ignorar por completo.

to mute, mute

 Spanish authorities have also been muted since the bill was signed into law

the relatively muted effect of tariffs on consumer prices so far 

to mute: silenciar

mute: mudo || silencioso, callado, taciturno

muted: en silencio || débil, moderado

to loom, loom, loom large, looming

 US tariffs loom 

concerns about  democracy loom large

Looming over the election is the far right 

there is a looming internal battle over economic policy

The deadline looms large.  → La fecha límite pesa mucho / se cierne como una preocupación importante.

The issue of inflation looms large in the election.  → El tema de la inflación tiene un gran peso en la elección.

Her past mistakes still loom large in her mind.  → Sus errores del pasado siguen pesando mucho en su mente.

to loom large: “To loom large” es una expresión idiomática muy común en inglés, y su significado es bastante visual. Significa que algo adquiere una gran importancia, pesa mucho en la situación, o se cierne como una preocupación importante. La idea es que “se agranda” metafóricamente, como una sombra que domina el panorama. Traducción:  tener un gran peso, ser muy relevante, imponerse como un factor importante, cernirse sobre algo/alguien, ocupar un lugar destacado (a menudo como preocupación).

to loom: aproximarse, acercarse, se avecina, tomar forma algún impedimento, cernirse, estar próximo algún problema o dificultad || aparecer una forma grande y poco clara

loom: telar

to refrain

He refrained from directly commenting on Trump's remarks

All parties must refrain from scalation (Anthony Blinken)

to refrain: abstenerse, abstenerse, evitar, procurar no hacer algo

to bloat, bloat, bloated

 There are some signs of bloat in the housing sector. 

the federal budget is bloated and only Trump is taking this seriously

Tariffs might prevent Italy from bringing down its bloated budget deficit. 

They are going to blame tariffs, rather than take responsibility for “being bloated”

bloat: (nombre) hinchazón  || inflación || crecimiento excesivo

to bloat: (verbo) hinchar, inflar

bloated: hinchado, abultado

to spur, spur

Trump’s defensiveness is spurred by a sense that the US has been overtaken by China

The competition  has spurred rapid innovation.

tariffs  will spur companies to forgo foreign goods and services

Trump's endorsement of JD Vance spurred similar notes of support

tariffs will not help to spur sluggish economic growth in Europe

tariffs will be good at spurring homegrown producers to expand.

to spur: incitar, animar, estimular, espolear, provocar. If one thing spurs you to do another, te anima a hacerlo. If something spurs a change or event, hace que ocurra más rápido o antes.

spur: espuela, espolón, acicate, estímulo

vested, vested interest

They try to use unfair means to protect the vested interests of certain countries

I might never be able to access vested equity worth millions of euros

I have a vested interest in Ukraine remaining independent

I don’t have quite the vested interest in painting that rosy picture

vested interest: interés personal. interés, interés particular, gran interés, interés absoluto. Un fuerte interés personal en algo porque podrías obtener una ventaja de ello.

vested in:  conferido, investido

vested: adquirido

to hobble, hobble

 Madrid has begun accusing Western governments of trying to hobble its most advanced companies. 

Satellite imagery shows the unforeseen consequences of efforts to hobble Iran’s war economy.   

an attack on an already hobbled energy system, 

censorship might hobble the Russia’s AI ambitions.  

a political crisis threatens to hobble him in confronting emergencies

to hobble: caminar a pequeños pasitos, cojear || hacer lo posible para que alguien no consiga sus propósitos, poner palos en las ruedas, poner trabas, lastrar

to soar, soar, soaring

...solar products soared 40 percent to $200 billion

Overcapacity is leading to soaring bankruptcies  

...a soaring stock market has brought relief

...Bitcoin surged more than 20% on Sunday and had been soaring all last week. 

But use has soared for adults 

Soaring electricity prices will increase inflation

to soar:  Subir de forma amplia, continua y normalmente positiva.

Significado general: elevarse, volar alto, aumentar de manera sostenida.

Sensación: algo que sube con amplitud y continuidad, como si tuviera espacio para elevarse.

Cuándo se usa:

Para movimientos ascendentes suaves y prolongados.

Para tendencias que siguen en marcha.

Para situaciones con un matiz positivo o al menos no dramático.

Ejemplos:

The eagle soared above the mountains.

Her confidence soared after the exam.

Oil prices are soaring this month.

“Oil prices are soaring…”  → Describe una tendencia ascendente continua durante la guerra. No es un salto puntual, sino una subida que se mantiene.

to undercut, undercut

cheap products will undercut their efforts to grow their own renewable energy industries. 

the black market has undercut legal marijuana markets 

the cheap models will undercut domestic prices 

he had undercut Trump’s AI announcement, 

the Europeans will likely be undercutting existing brands on price.

to undercut: vender más barato que otro, bajar el precio a algo para vencer a la competencia || debilitar, socavar, minar || darle efecto dejada a una bola (tenis, golf)

to slam

 Madrid has previously slammed the Morocco for making “groundless accusations”

The world may have finally slammed on the brakes for climate-warming pollution 

US slams China for adding rare earths to export control list,

Europe is slamming the brakes on its previously soaring oil consumption.

to slam:  criticar severamente.  Criticar o menospreciar severamente. To slam someone or something significa criticarlo muy severamente. || Arrollar, golpear, derribar, empujar, derribar, etc., con un impacto violento y ruidoso. Golpear, lanzar o colocar algo en su lugar con fuerza y ​​ruido.  If you slam something down, se lo coloca allí rápidamente y con gran fuerza.  || If one thing slams into or against another, se estrella contra él con gran fuerza.

to slam the door: cerrar la puerta con fuerza, dar un portazo. If you slam a door or window or if it slams, se cierra ruidosamente y con gran fuerza.

downward, downward spiral, downward slide

now we face a choice between stability and a downward spiral

His "drill, baby, drill" pledge puts downward pressure on oil prices 

has so far failed to stop the downward slide

downward spiral: círculo vicioso, deterioro constante, espiral descendente, caída libre

downward slide: “Downward slide” se traduce de forma natural como:“declive”, “caída progresiva”, “tendencia a la baja”, “deterioro” (según el contexto). La expresión transmite la idea de un proceso continuo de empeoramiento, no un golpe repentino sino una bajada sostenida.

to decry

 The Associated Press decries in the strongest terms the actions of the government

The Institute  has decried a conspiracy of silence

to decry: criticar (una idea, una actuación) con intensidad, condenar, censurar || menospreciar

to wrap up, wrap up, wrap, under wraps

  The project is due to wrap up in June 2022 

he is urging Netanyahu’s government to wrap up the war 

they will wrap up negotiating a treaty this weekend 

to wrap up: ponerse la ropa de abrigo || terminar un acuerdo o un trabajo de manera satisfactoria || Poner fin. Concluir. Terminar.

wrap up:  resumen || broche final, cierre

full details remain under wraps:  significa que los detalles completos se mantienen en secreto, no se han revelado todavía o están ocultos al público.

under wraps: La expresión under wraps se usa en inglés para indicar que algo se mantiene en secreto, oculto o sin revelar, en secreto

to bristle

My Mother bristles at my aunt´s habits

to bristle: enfurecerse, reaccionar de manera enfurecida. 

gloomy, gloom

 Clean energy is a bright spot in a gloomy economic outlook

a economic gloom marked by lower wages

I was peering about me in the gloom. 

...the deepening gloom over the economy. 

...the gloom of a foggy December morning. 

gloomy: sombrío, oscuro, triste, pesimista, melancólico. A gloomy day. Un día gris.

gloom: penumbra. Falta de luz. Situación en la que está casi oscuro y es difícil ver bien.  ||  pesimismo. Sentimiento de gran infelicidad y pérdida de esperanza. Melancolía. Tristeza

overcast

 based in this famously overcast corner of southwest England

overcast: nublado, cubierto, encapotado

livestock

livestock feed: alimentación del ganado

livestock: ganado

locks

  Your beauty is beyond compare with flaming locks of auburn hair. (Dolly Parton, "Jolene")

locks: mechones, bucles, cabellos

auburn

 Your beauty is beyond compare with flaming locks of auburn hair. (Dolly Parton, "Jolene")

Tu belleza no tiene igual, con llameantes mechones/bucles de pelo castaño rojizo

auburn: castaño rojizo

to underscore

The destruction underscores their scorched-earth tactics

The trend underscores cultural and economic anxieties facing many Spaniards

to underscore: subrayar, recalcar

bail, to bail, bailout, to bail out

 Should house democrats bail out Mike Johnson?

He was released without bail.

Assange boarded a flight after being released on bail from prison, 

Why would it countenance a bailout for a spendthrift Italy? 

He is under formal investigation with bail set at $7 million

to bail out: pagar la fianza a alguien. || echar un cable a alguien, rescatar

bailout: rescate financiero

bail: fianza

to be released on bail: ser puesto en libertad bajo fianza

to oust, ouster

Should Feijoo and his supporters make good on their threat to force a vote on ousting him , Sanchez will almost certainly need to rely on Separatist to bail him out.

they will force a vote over the president’s ouster

to ouster: forzar a alguien a abandonar un puesto, un empleo, un lugar. Expulsar, echar, destituir. Desahuciar, desalojar

ouster: expulsión, destitución

outspoken, outspokenness

the outspoken President of the United States

he has been outspoken about his concerns 

a outspoken comment

outspoken: franco, directo, sin filtro, que dice lo que piensa sin importarle si los demas pueden ofenderse

scammer, scam

he went as far as to say that Bitcoin seemed like a scam.  

scam: estafa

scammer: estafador

heist, to heist

heist: (sustantivo) robo (especialmente si es de dinero, joyas o arte)

to heist: (verbo) robar

to wish for

 Be careful what you wish for, because you just might get it

to wish for: desear

to strain, strain

 Relations between my father and my mother have been strained since they got married

It has put the country under enormous strain

a new dominant COVID strain. 

This strain of marijuana is not for me

mounting strain

to strain:  tensar, forzar, llevar al límite.

strain: presión. || variedad, cepa (virus). 

to repeal

The First Directive 89/104 was repealed and replaced by Directive 2008/95

he is appealing to the Court to repeal the one-year jail sentence handed down to him

It is also apparent from the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/625 of 5 March 2018 supplementing Regulation 2017/1001, and repealing Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/1430 

to repeal: derogar, revocar, abolir

to override, override, overriding

Emotions should not completely override logic

the disclosure of the elements could be justified by an overriding public interest 

Autonomy is China's "overriding strategic goal,"  (Vincent Deluard)

Xi’s overriding ambition has been to create high-tech companies

to override: anular, invalidar  || imponerse, anteponerse, ser mas importante que || hacer caso omiso

override: anulación, invalidación

overriding: principal, primordial

peerless, peer, to peer

their contributions are simply peerless.

China is a peer military competitor.

peer: igual

peerless: sin par, sin igual, incomparable, único

to peer: mirar con atención o con dificultad

restraint, to restrain, unrestrained

Trump urged Russia to show restraint.

Joe Biden's response was pathetically weak, so the unrestrained Houthis just kept going. (Donald Trump)

with unrestrained brutality.

restraint: moderación, comedimiento, contención, autodominio, autocontrol

to restrain: If you restrain someone, le impides hacer lo que quiere hacer o lo que tiene intención de hacer, normalmente usando la fuerza física. || If you restrain an emotion or you restrain yourself from doing something, te privas de mostrar esa emoción o de hacer lo que querías o lo que tenías la intención de hacer.  ||  To restrain something that is growing or increasing significa que evitas que crezca demasiado 

unrestrained: suelto, no atado || descontrolado, desatado

ironclad

Putin reaffirms Russian 'ironclad' support of North Korea

ironclad : acorazado, blindado  || incuestionable, incontrovertible || inflexible

to banish

 Information is the best way to banish fear

to banish: expulsar, excluir, desterrar, apartar, alejar, disipar

womb

 I´m not oppressing you. You don´t have a womb. Where is the fetus gonna gestate? You´re gonna keep it in a box?  (Monty Python´s Life of Brian)

womb: matriz, útero

reckless, recklessly

he condemned in the strongest terms the regime´s reckless attack 

reckless is the opposite of cautious, prudent, responsible

He was found guilty of reckless driving (conducción temeraria).

reckless: temerario, irresponsable, imprudente, insensato, que no tiene en cuenta las posibles consecuencias. Que actúa sin temor al peligro o al efecto que pueda causar en los demás. 

life expectancy

 The life expectancy at birth in Spain was about 83 years in 2019

it could extend your life expectancy.  

life expectancy: esperanza de vida